RESOURCES/HEXAGRAM 02
坤宫六冲

坤为地

KūnThe Receptive

厚德载物,柔顺利贞

Upper Trigram
Lower Trigram
— I —

The Judgment

The Receptive: originating and all-pervading, furthered by the steadfastness of a mare. When the superior person has somewhere to go, at first he strays, later he finds a guide. It is favorable to win friends in the west and south, and to lose them in the east and north. Rest content in what is upright: good fortune.

The Receptive is the wide earth that bears all things with its ample virtue, making yielding devotion and openness its way. Move with the current, gather your strength in calm, and good fortune comes at last.

Image Commentary(original text)

地势坤,君子以厚德载物。

Judgment Commentary(original text)

至哉坤元,万物资生,乃顺承天。坤厚载物,德合无疆,含弘光大,品物咸亨。牝马地类,行地无疆,柔顺利贞。君子攸行,先迷失道,后顺得常,西南得朋,乃与类行;东北丧朋,乃终有庆。安贞之吉,应地无疆。

— II —

Interpretation(original text)

「坤」本义为大地、顺承。《说文》训坤为「地也,从土申声」。坤卦六爻皆阴,纯阴至柔,与乾卦对待为阴阳之根本。坤以柔顺为德,承天而生万物。朱熹谓「坤顺承乾,犹地之承天」,程颐则言「坤道至柔而动也刚」。

卦象分析

上下皆坤,地上有地,重地之象。坤为地、为柔、为顺,两坤相叠则柔顺包容之德广大无疆。《象传》曰「地势坤,君子以厚德载物」,取大地承载万物而无所不包之义。坤之卦象纯阴无阳,然阴极则阳生,故上六有「龙战于野」之变。

六爻结构

六爻皆阴,无阳爻相应。六二柔顺中正,为坤之卦主,「直方大,不习无不利」为坤德之极致。六五居尊位而以阴柔守之,「黄裳元吉」取文明在内、柔顺在外之义。上六阴极而与阳争,有「龙战于野」之象。另有用六一爻,示永贞利用之义。

卦序脉络

坤为六十四卦之第二卦,承乾而来。《序卦》曰「有天地,然后万物生焉」。坤之综卦仍为坤(上下颠倒不变),错卦为乾,阴阳相配之义至明。乾坤为《易》之门户,邵雍谓「乾坤定位而易行乎其中」。

— III —

The Lines

⚋ Yin
Six at the beginning

Treading on hoarfrost; the hard ice draws near.

Frost underfoot foretells the solid ice of deep winter. Read the small sign early and guard against trouble before it arrives.

Image: 履霜坚冰,阴始凝也。驯致其道,至坚冰也。

Analysis

初六为坤卦最下之阴爻,阴居阳位失正,为阴气初生之象。「履霜坚冰至」示见微知著、防患未然之理。初六与六四为应位,然纯阴卦中同性不相应。程颐言「阴之始生,其端甚微,不可不察」。《文言》曰「积善之家必有余庆,积不善之家必有余殃」。

⚋ Yin
Six in the second place

Straight, square, and vast. Without deliberate effort, nothing is unfavorable.

The earth's virtue is upright, foursquare, and boundless; it acts of its own nature without contrivance, and nothing fails to prosper.

Image: 六二之动,直以方也。不习无不利,地道光也。

Analysis

六二居下卦之中,阴居阴位得正又得中,为坤卦之主爻。「直方大」为坤德之精要——直者正也、方者义也、大者广也。六二柔顺中正,体坤之全德。《文言》曰「直其正也,方其义也。君子敬以直内,义以方外」。程颐谓六二「居中得正,坤之美在其中」。

⚋ Yin
Six in the third place

Holding beauty within, one may remain steadfast. If drawn into the service of a king, claim no finished glory, yet see the matter through.

Carry your gifts within and keep a modest bearing. If you serve in high affairs, take no visible credit, but bring the work to a good and faithful close.

Image: 含章可贞,以时发也。或从王事,知光大也。

Analysis

六三居下卦之极、上下卦之交,阴居阳位失正,多凶之地。「含章可贞」言内含文采而不外显,以收敛为美。若从王事则不求功名,善始善终。王弼注「处下卦之极,居上卦之下,含晦其章」。六三与上六为应位而同性不应。

⚋ Yin
Six in the fourth place

A tied-up sack. No blame, no praise.

Draw the mouth of the sack tight and guard your words. Here there is neither misfortune nor honor; a steady, cautious course is best.

Image: 括囊无咎,慎不害也。

Analysis

六四居上卦之初,阴居阴位得正,由下而上跨入外卦之境。「括囊无咎」言束紧口袋、谨慎自守,虽无光彩但可免祸。六四近于六五之君,位多惧而须谨慎。《象传》曰「括囊无咎,慎不害也」。程颐谓「阴柔居上,近君之位,唯谨慎可以无咎」。

⚋ Yin
Six in the fifth place

A yellow lower garment. Supreme good fortune.

Robed in yellow below, centered in place and yielding in temper, one meets with the highest good fortune.

Image: 黄裳元吉,文在中也。

Analysis

六五以阴居阳位、柔居尊位,为坤卦中独特之存在。「黄裳元吉」——黄为中色、裳为下服,取文明中正而居臣道之义。六五虽居尊位而以柔中之德行之,不失坤顺之本。《文言》曰「君子黄中通理,正位居体,美在其中,而畅于四支」。

⚋ Yin
Six at the top

Dragons battle in the meadow; their blood runs dark and yellow.

The yielding force at its peak clashes with the firm in the open field, and both are wounded. A warning that extremes reverse; do not press too hard.

Image: 龙战于野,其道穷也。

Analysis

上六居坤卦之极,阴气至盛而与阳争。「龙战于野」言阴盛极而僭越阳道,必有战斗。上六阴居阴位虽正,但物极必反,阴盛必衰。《文言》曰「阴疑于阳必战」,程颐谓「阴极盛则与阳争,其道穷也」。

⚋ Yin
When all the lines are sixes

It is favorable to hold enduringly to what is upright.

When every line is a moving six, hold long and firmly to the upright way; to advance steadily in yielding virtue brings advantage.

Image: 用六永贞,以大终也。

Analysis

用六为坤卦特有之爻,六爻皆动变乾时所用。「利永贞」言以柔顺之道长久守正。用六示坤道之极致在于永恒之贞固,以柔承刚而不失其正。《象传》曰「用六永贞,以大终也」。朱熹释用六为「阴柔之道宜常固守」,终归于阳道之大成。

— IV —

Divination Reference(original text)

WealthFINANCE

宜守成而非激进,稳健配置防御性资产,顺势跟随市场主流,避免单独冒险。

CareerCAREER

以辅助、协作姿态行事,发挥后勤支撑作用,厚积薄发,勿急于出头。

RelationshipsRELATIONSHIPS

包容体贴、以柔克刚,善于倾听与付出,感情稳定而长久。

HealthHEALTH

注重脾胃调养,饮食规律,避免过度劳累,以静养为主。

— V —

Traditional Reading(original text)

运势平稳,厚德载物之象。以柔顺宽厚为根本,凡事不宜独断冒进,顺势而为、厚积薄发方为上策。配合他人行事则吉。

Career

事业上宜居辅佐之位,踏实做事、默默积累。不宜独力创业或强出风头,但若坚持积累实力,终将获得稳固成就。

Business

经商宜稳健保守,与人合伙则更有利。忌孤注一掷、冒险投机。薄利多销、诚信经营是长久之道。

Reputation

学业宜扎实基础、循序渐进,不可急功近利。厚积而薄发,默默耕耘必有收获。尤其适合积累型学科。

Marriage

感情宜含蓄温柔,以包容体贴打动对方。女性运势尤佳。婚姻稳定和谐,重在相互扶持、甘于平淡。

Decision

决策宜谨慎保守,充分听取他人意见后再行动。顺势而为、避免逆流。忍耐等待是当前最佳策略。

— VI —

School Interpretations(original text)

Duanyi Tianji

柔顺承载,厚德载物。大地无疆,包容万象。宜顺从、宜合作,勿独断专行。

Shao Yong · Heluo Lishu
柔顺和静,厚积薄发

坤为地,纯阴之卦,六爻皆阴。象征大地承载万物、柔顺而宽厚。得此卦者,宜守不宜攻,宜静不宜动,以顺从和辅佐为主。做事须脚踏实地,切忌急躁冒进。保持谦虚低调,与人合作则事半功倍。厚积薄发,终能有成。

Fu Peirong's Reading
Fortune

运势平顺,宜守旧安稳,顺势而行则无忧。

Wealth

财运稳定,适合保守理财,与人合作投资为佳。

Home

家宅安宁,阴柔和顺,宜修身养性,家庭和睦。

Health

注意脾胃消化系统,宜温补调养,避免寒凉食物。

— VII —

Changing Hexagrams

Bottom line moving地雷复
2nd line moving地水师
3rd line moving地山谦
4th line moving雷地豫
5th line moving水地比
Top line moving山地剥